States of matter

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• All particles have energy, and the energy varies depending on the temperature the sample of matter is in, which determines if the substance is a solid, liquid, or gas. Solid particles have the least amount of energy, and gas particles have the greatest amount of energy.
• The temperature of a substance is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles. A change in phasemay occur when the energy of the particles is changed.
• There are spaces between particles of matter. The average amount of empty space between molecules gets progressively larger as a sample of matter moves from the solid to the liquid and gas phases.
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  The three phases of matter

  Notice that the spacing between atoms or molecules increases as we move from a description of the solid phase to the gaseous one.
  The kinetic molecular theory of matter states that:
• Matter is made up of particles that are constantly moving.
• All particles have energy, but the energy varies depending on the temperature the sample of matter is in. This in turn determines whether the substance exists in the solid, liquid, or gaseous state. Molecules in the solid phase have the least amount of energy, while gas particles have the greatest amount of energy.
• The temperature of a substance is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles.
• A change in phase may occur when the energy of the particles is changed.
• There are spaces between particles of matter. The average amount of empty space between molecules gets progressively larger as a sample of matter moves from the solid to the liquid and gas phases.
• There are attractive forces between atoms/molecules, and these become stronger as the particles move closer together. These attractive forces are called intermolecularforces.
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